Activities of Daily Living

Question: This report presents a short investigation of the meeting led on Mr. X who is an educator of the G.F. College of Australia. Answer: Presentation: Exercises of day by day living (ADL) is a term authored so as to allude to the every day self-care exercises of people in the human services segment. As expressed by Mehrholz et al. (2012). The medicinal services experts frequently utilize a people capacity or powerlessness to execute ADL as a type of estimation of their useful condition. In this specific situation, an individual meeting of G.F. College Professor Mr. X was directed during a wellbeing effort hung on the University grounds. Mr. X was forty eight years of age and an old worker of this organization. He has very nearly twenty years of experience as an educator. He was one of the Physics Professors in the science division. The motivation behind the meeting and the survey was to comprehend the ADL of the educator and furthermore perceive climate his wellbeing conditions needs clinical support (Pirsiavash and Ramanan 2012). Poll: The meeting was directed utilizing the poll as a compelling device. The arrangement of inquiries were structured based the general Activities of every day living (ADL) of a person. The primary point of the inquiries arranged was to comprehend the useful exercises of the interviewee. The arrangement of inquiries were planned dependent on the Resource Utilization Groups (RUG). There were all out six inquiries and out of these six inquiries one inquiry was identified with the meds admission of the interviewee (DESJARDINS and SAVOYSKI 2014). Floor covering ADL ITEM ANSWER SCORE Do you need support while straightening out your situation in bed or seat? I can freely move from one situation to the next in the bed or seat and ready to correct position. Additionally, I can play out my own weight zone alleviation, through unconstrained development around the bed. 1 Do you require help while eating or drinking? Im ready to cut, bite and furthermore swallow food and eat utilizing my hands without anyones help. 1 It is safe to say that you are autonomous while utilizing the latrine? Im ready to activate to the latrine, clean self and change my garments without the help of an individual. 1 Do you need support while moving starting with one spot then onto the next? I needn't bother with any close to home or gadget help, and I'm ready to play out all exchanges freely. 1 Do you expend any medication? On the off chance that yes what and why? I'm ready to devour medication all alone with no help. I take one Aten 50 consistently since I have hypertension, and this occasionally makes me get enticed. 1 How regularly do you utilize the seat in the class? I do get drained regularly on constant standing upstanding for quite a while and frequently utilized the seat to give help. 4 The RUG-ADL score of Mr. X summarizes to 9 (Klinger et al. 2013). Moral contemplations: The Codes of the morals for medical caretakers has been intended for the nursing experts at all levels in Australia. It doesn't just limit to the individuals from nursing foundation yet in addition intended for individuals getting nursing care, organizations answerable for the security of buyers, chiefs of human services, just as the general network. It sums up the various aspects of duty of nursing experts towards the individuals under their consideration, regarding, protecting and advancing their key rights. The primary thought process of the Code of Ethics for Nurses is to : Perceive and portray the fundamental qualities and gauges of morals, which is trailed by the nursing experts and that is normalized by the expert nursing rules. To fill in as a source of perspective to medical attendants so as to assist them with assessing their lead. To fill in as a rule to the beneficiaries of medicinal services with respect to what they can anticipate from the nursing experts. The Code of Ethics for Nurses expresses that the medical caretakers ought to Incentive for the quality nursing for all people. Give valuation for regard and grace towards others and oneself. Value the decent variety of individuals. Give quality medicinal services administration to all Acknowledge and regard for the choices made by the patients Keep up the protected and clean condition Oversee and secure patient data Advance prosperity of the patients and others by keeping up a socially, biologically and monetarily solid condition (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). Assessment of the code of morals that was followed in Mr. Xs case - Code explanation 1 : Nurses should esteem the acknowledge the standard nursing care techniques and recognize the duty regarding the consideration gave by them .(Johnstone 2015) . In the event of patient it is the sole obligation of a medical caretaker to decide if an individual is entitled for a nursing care, by assessing his everyday exercises. The survey intended for Mr. X features the exercises of every day life (ADL), and aides in deciding if, Mr. X requires help or quality nursing care. Code explanation 2: Nurses should esteem regard for the clients of social insurance, and persistently ensure the respect of a patient or for a person who may require wellbeing care(Ahpra.gov.au, 2016). It likewise incorporates adapting up or the degree of resistance appeared by a medical caretaker, concerning a patient needing support particularly more established grown-ups, and understanding the defenselessness or powerlessness of the person under consideration. Thinking about the instance of Mr. X, who is irascible and typically appalled by the quantity of inquiries being posed to him. A sense for regard and resilience was kept up during the meeting. Code Statement 7: Nurses ought to keep up the classification and security of every individual under their consideration and ought not unveil any data to any unapproved individual. Notwithstanding that, the data should just be gotten to so as to give quality medicinal services. All the data gave by Mr. X is kept classified and all the cooperations are absolutely expert and private in nature. The data might be utilized to decide the need of value human services. ADL Practices of the interviewee: As indicated by the Resource Utilization Groups (RUG-ADL) in a network administration a score of (16 18) RUG-ADL or above reflects genuine condition and in this way, requires a referral to the emergency clinic or matured consideration arrangement position. As per Eckner (2014), these scores may trigger Occupational Therapy appraisal or height in the apparatuses and hardware in the network or the inpatient setting. On thinking about the instance of Mr. X, he was a moderately aged man who needed the least support. As per the meeting directed utilizing the survey as a device, it was discovered that the RUG-ADL score of Mr. X was determined as 9. According to the RUG-ADL scoring scale, values between 16 to 18 reflects genuine condition. Since the score of Mr. X was accounted for as nine, thusly, he wears not expect referral to a medical clinic (Pompeu et al. 2012). As indicated by the meeting, Mr. X has typical ADL, and he doesn't require help with any of his every day exercises running from versatility to dietary patterns. This mirrors his body working is practically typical and stable. The main exemption is the utilization of medication day by day for hypertension and regularly requires the help of a seat during a long remain in the study hall (Sjlund et al. 2014). As talked about by Verhaaren et al. (2013), there are barely any determinants that assume a huge job in recognizing the explanation of his wellbeing condition and ADL. The main determinant is pressure. Since, Mr. X was an educator, the every day exercises that he acted in the class which includes strain about controlling the class discipline, show, directing functional, checking answer contents, and so on all heaps up to cause hypertension. This at last prompts hypertension. The second determinant of wellbeing is age. By and large, hypertension is seen in moderately aged individual. His age and hypertension cause him to get worried during a significant stretch of study hall action (Semenza et al. 2014). End: This report presents a concise examination of the meeting led on Mr. X who is a teacher of the G.F. College of Australia. Exercises of every day living (ADL) is a term instituted so as to allude to the day by day self-care exercises of people in the medicinal services part. The human services experts regularly utilize a people capacity or powerlessness to execute ADL as a type of estimation of their utilitarian condition. The meeting was led utilizing the poll as a viable apparatus. The arrangement of inquiries were planned based the general Exercises of day by day living (ADL) of Mr. X. The poll contained a lot of six inquiries which were identified with the day by day exercises of the interviewee. According to the report of the meeting, it very well may be inferred that the physical exercises and elements of Mr. X were typical aside from help of seat during class was taken because of hypertension. The determinants of his condition were distinguished as his age and stress. References: Ahpra.gov.au. (2016). Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Search. DESJARDINS, M. what's more, SAVOYSKI, J., 2014. Exercises of Daily Living.Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants, p.342. Eckner, J., 2014.High circulatory strain determinants and dangers. Johnstone, M.J., 2015.Bioethics: a nursing point of view. Elsevier Health Sciences Klinger, E., Kadri, A., Sorita, E., Le Guiet, J.L., Coignard, P., Fuchs, P., Leroy, L., Du Lac, N., Servant, F. what's more, Joseph, P.A., 2013. AGATHE: An instrument for customized restoration of subjective capacities dependent on mimicked exercises of day by day living.IRBM,34(2), pp.113-118. Mehrholz, J., Hdrich, A., Platz, T., Kugler, J. what's more, Pohl, M., 2012. Electromechanical and robot㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ assisted arm preparing for improving nonexclusive act

Overpopulation Essays (1380 words) - Demography, Population

Overpopulation Overpopulation ?The fight to take care of all of mankind is finished. In the 1970's the world will experience starvations a huge number of individuals will starve to death disregarding any accident programs left upon now. At this late date nothing can forestall a considerable increment on the planet passing rate, albeit numerous lives could be spared through sensational projects to ?stretch?the conveying limit of the earth by expanding food creation. Be that as it may, these projects will just give a stay of execution except if they are joined by decided and fruitful endeavors at populace control.? These words, from Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich's book The Population Bomb, anticipated a troubling future for the universe of 1968 when the book was distributed. Today, the discussion seethes on about how much life our planet can hold. With total populace gauges presently around 5.5 billion, and an anticipated populace of more than 10 billion by 2100, the subject of asset shortage is raised. Will there be sufficient assets to help the detonating populace of our planet? Likewise, is it genuine that populace development is important for monetary flourishing, or is it liable for issues, for example, yearning and destitution? One of the main things that should be considered in the populace banter is the issue of ?conveying limit.? Various individuals characterize conveying limit from multiple points of view, and in this lies a significant issue. Essential nature reading material characterize conveying limit as the quantity of people in a populace that the assets of a specific environment can bolster. Others characterize it as where the birth rate is equivalent to the passing rate, while still others characterize is as the normal size of a populace that is neither expanding or diminishing. Each unique meaning of conveying limit has various contentions for the earth being above or beneath its conveying limit, or of having unbounded conveying limit. Likewise, numerous different variables must be viewed as while evaluating the world's ability by any of the above definitions. For example, one must think about the degree of success of the individuals, the innovation accessible, and the dissemination of accessible riches. Under specific conditions, the world may not effectively hold even 1 billion individuals, while under different conditions a number as high as 20 billion is conceivable. Another factor in overpopulation that must be considered is that of future. As per United Nations gauges, the future in created countries in the 1950's was around 66.0 years, while underdeveloped countries appreciated a future of 40.7 years. Because of considerable decreases in newborn child mortality, the normal future in created countries was 74.0 years and 64.7 years in creating nations. In any case, in spite of the fact that most of this expansion is because of diminishes in baby mortality, bounces with this enormous of an expansion can't be totally clarified by that by itself. New improvements in medication and innovation have expanded life expectancies in all cases. Much additionally encouraging, and maybe disturbing, is the way that anticipated ?upper limits?of human future have routinely been outperformed, and increments in future even have all the earmarks of being quickening. These normal future increments, on the off chance that they proceed, will permit the total populace to soar at a significantly quicker rate. At long last, and maybe the most significant issue that must be examined in the discussion on overpopulation is the issue of asset shortage. Purported ?experts?love to enter the discussion and make doomsday expectations that the world will come up short on food, or oil, much like Dr. Paul Ehrlich did in his book, The Population Bomb. Nonetheless, these forecasts never appear to work out as expected. Julian Simon, a market analyst, has a thought regarding common assets which has started piles of discussion from the two camps in the overpopulation conversation. Simon attests that every single regular asset are limitless. While this case may appear to be nervy from the outset, it becomes more clear precisely what he implies when considered. His point is unquestionably not that there are a boundless number of gold or copper iotas in the earth. The mass of the earth is limited, and current logical examinations suggest that even the mass of the universe is limited. Simon is stating that assets are uncertain as in we will never come up short on them for whatever we choose to utilize

Analyzing Communication: Mercedes Benz Commercial

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The History of Research Paper Written Refuted

The History of Research Paper Written Refuted Have a peek at the factors to be considered while selecting an area of research. If you're confused with a selection of interesting topics to research online, it's far better to determine what interests you the most. You don't need to be worried about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Our writing assistance agency combines pocket-friendly prices and respective amenities for our customers to make sure a superb customer experience. You will spend quite a good deal of time working on your research, so it's vital to choose a topic that you truly enjoy working with. Moreover, make certain the topic isn't too broad as it might be difficult to cover comprehensively in the time and space allowed. You obtain your topic and paper punctually and free up time for some other pursuits. 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The Role of the Sirens in Homers Odyssey Essay - 552 Words

The Role of the Sirens in Odyssey The Sirens in the Odyssey represent more than just a maritime danger to the passing ship. They are the desires of man that he cannot have. The Sirens can also be construed as forbidden knowledge or some other taboo object. Whatever these singing women actually are, the sailors are wise to avoid them. As usual, the wily Odysseus cheats at the rules of the game by listening to their song under the restraints constructed by his crew. In their critical review, Horkheimer and Adorno treat the song of the Sirens as a forbidden knowledge of everything. The Sirens represent mans enlightenment. The two writers state, Even though the Sirens know all that has happened, they demand the future as the price†¦show more content†¦Ahab was destroyed by his siren, which was an elusive whale named Moby Dick. Blanchot points out, Ahab and the whale are engaged in a drama, what we can call a metaphysical drama, using the word loosely, and the Sirens and Ulysses are engaged in the same struggle...The result is a sort of victory for him, a dark disaster for Ahab (Blanchot 44). Ahab obviously could not resist his siren, and it spelled the end for him. Odysseus realized the danger and took measures to protect his crew from the irresistible urge that would pull them to their doom. Of the two reviews cited, the latter is probably the most appropriate for the epic. Ahabs passion is a great example of the result of a sirens draw on a man toward self inflicted ruin. Portraying the Sirens song as a tease for enlightenment that comes at a price may be just as good of an example, but it doesnt give the reader a taste for the pull toward the rocks. The writing by Horkheimer and Adorno goes further off into some other purpose. They reference machinery, production and progress in their review. This sounds like they are leading the reader toward a Ted Kazynski conclusion on enlightenment and the technology that comes with it. Blanchot paints a better comparison with his reference to human desires and passions. It is human to have forbidden desires. For some people, these are alcohol and cigarettes. Others cannot resist criminalShow MoreRelatedHistory, Symbolism, and Characters in Homer’s The Odyssey 1118 Words   |  5 Pages In The Odyssey, it takes Odysseus twenty years to make it home from the Trojan War. On his journey home, he runs into many obstacles and creatures that he must overcome. He encounters the sirens, the Cyclops, and others. Each event in this epic poem has a symbolic meaning behind it. Homer writes about the history, symbolism, and the characters in The Odyssey. The Odyssey is about the Greek gods and heroes and their adventures (Makman). Odysseus is the main character, and he is going on a questRead More Women of the Odyssey Essays1488 Words   |  6 PagesWomen of the Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people regard Homer’s epics as war stories—stories about men; those people often overlook the important roles that women play in the Odyssey. While there are not many female characters in the Odyssey, the few that there are, play pivotal roles in the story and one can gain a lot of insight by analyzing how those women are portrayed. Homer portrays the females in contradictory ways: the characters of Athena and Eurykleia are given strong, admirable roles while MelanthoRead MoreComparing The Odyssey And O Brother Where Art Thou1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Odyssey†, one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, and â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†, a 2000 a film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. At first thought you would not think the movie â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† and â€Å"The Odyssey† have anything in common. It is however, the modern film depiction of the troubles of a man during the depression and is molded by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homer’s Odyssey. â€Å"The Odyssey† is about a Greek warrior and isRead MoreThe Role of Woman in The Odyssey1240 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough â€Å"The Odyssey† by the Greek poet Homer is very much an epic tale of a man’s heroic quest, women play an incredibly large role. Homer’s epic tale, â€Å"The Odyssey† revolves around Ulysses’ quest to return back to his wife, Penelope, so that he may be reunited with her and assume control over his palace, which has been overrun by suitors. Ulysses’ son, Telemachus attempts to regain authority in the presence of the many suitors but finds this difficult and embarks upon his own journey under theRead MoreThe Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou: Two Relevant Pieces?1872 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou: Two Relevant Pieces? Time has not become the conqueror for the classical epic poem The Odyssey. For the past 2,500 years it has been turning its pages for many people all around the world, classifying it as the Western literary tradition. Even in the 21st century The Odyssey is still depicting its prominence when the film O Brother, Where Art Thou was directed in 2000 by loosely portraying the epic. The Coen Brothers’ film O Brother, Where Art Thou mirrorsRead More The Effect of the Sirens Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Mythology have multiple interpretations. 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She seized and devoured six men alive while screaming forRead More Greek Mythology Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Mythology can have several different interpretations. Among these characters are the dangerous, yet gorgeous Sirens, bird-women who sit on a cliff singing bewitching songs to captivate the minds of innocent travelers and bring them to their deaths. In Homer’s The Odyssey and Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Siren Song,† both poets give different portrayals of the Sirens. Homer believes the Sirens to be irresistible in order to establish men as heroes whereas Atwood depicts them as unsightly and pathetic soRead More Odysseus’ Search for Purpose in Homers Odyssey Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesOdysseus’ Search for Purpose in The Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a wayfarer in life, The Odyssey focuses on life’s greater purpose through the fulfillment of destiny, perseverance, and loyalty. These three themes recur continuously throughout Odysseus’ journey, molding life’s greater vision. Odysseus comes to understand his purpose in life by remaining true to these major themes as he faces and conquers each obstacle in his journey. The overarching theme of The Odyssey is the belief that man cannot escapeRead MoreLeda And The Swan Poem Analysis1260 Words   |  6 Pagesscenic mountains of Vermont, where an incident and the death of a young man is symbolic to the constant warfare that the soldiers endure daily. Likewise, allusion in the poems â€Å"Leda and the Swanâ€Å" by W. B. Yeats, â€Å"Out, Out---† by Robert Frost, and â€Å"Siren Songâ€Å" by Margaret Atwood reveals the historical conflicts that occurred within Greek mythology and World War I. To begin with, in â€Å"Leda and the Swan† by W. B. Yeats, he depicts the rape of a woman named Leda by Zeus, who is disguised as a swan, and

The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A...

â€Å"And they [migrants] stand still and watch the potatoes float by, listen to the screaming pigs being killed in a ditch and covered with quicklime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affected and influenced by good aspects†¦show more content†¦Scout comprehends this message from her father when she tells him that hurting Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley would be like shooting a mockingbird (Lee 276). As a result, Lee is able to project chara cters like Tom Robinson and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley as â€Å"mockingbirds† because both of them are destroyed by evil depicted by Maycomb’s racial prejudice and social discrimination, â€Å"Tom Robinson’s a colored [black] man, Jem. No jury in this part of the world’s [South] going to say, â€Å"We think your [Tom Robinson] guilty, but not very,† on a charge [rape] like that† (Lee 219). Scout realizes this from her own experience and from her father, Atticus. Because Scout was raised by her father, the â€Å"moral voice† of Maycomb, she too understands the differences in people and that even though there are bad qualities in society, good exists as well when you truly understand individuality, â€Å"Atticus, he [Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley] was real nice†¦.† †¦ â€Å"Most people are Scout, when you finally see them† (Lee 281). To Kill a Mockingbird and The Grapes of Wrath share a corresponding thema tic conception about people’s atrociousness to the weaker, ignorant members of society. In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck conveys the essence of human ethics at times of crisis. For this reason, Steinbeck is enabled to construct a theme that reveals humanity’s consistency to take advantage of the feeble and destitute community. ForShow MoreRelatedComparing The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1327 Words   |  6 Pagesin the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affectedRead MoreThematic Message: Good vs. Evil1546 Words   |  7 Pagesin the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affectedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Lord Of The Rings 747 Words   |  3 Pages1) To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee 2) 1984 by George Orwell 3) The Lord Of The Rings Trilogy by J.R.R Tolkien 4) The Catcher In The Rye by J.D Sallinger 5) The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald 6) The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe by C.S Lewis 7) Lord Of The Flies by William Golding 8) Animal Farm by George Orwell 9) Catch-22 by Joseph Heller 10) The Grapes Of Wrath by John Steinbeck 11) Gone With The Wind by Margaret Mitchell 12) Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut 13) Lolita by VladimirRead MoreWilliam Harper Lee s Today s World Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesJustice in Today’s World Setting in the 1930’s, Harper Lee’s fictional portrayal of the typical black man in To Kill a Mocking Bird set off what has happened to hundreds if not thousands of African-Americans in those times. Her book was generally about the racism that existed in the southern states of the U.S. â€Å"In scripting Mockingbird, Lee sought to document the region s historic problem with racism and expose the anatomy of segregation at the moment of its legal dismantling. In doingRead MoreComparing Rosemarie Seus And John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2004 Words   |  9 PagesRosemarie Seus John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck On Feb. 27, 1902, in Salinas, California, John Ernst Steinbeck Jr was born.His father, John Ernst Steinbeck worked several jobs, while his mother, Olive Hamilton Steinbeck was a former schoolteacher. Steinbeck had a mostly happy childhood – he grew up with three sisters, was smart, and formed an early appreciation for the land. Steinbeck decided to become a writer at the age of 14, writing many poems and stories. He enrolled in StanfordRead MoreStories2682 Words   |  11 Pages 2011 AND 2012 CONTENTS Introduction: How to use these notes 1. The Signalman Charles Dickens 2. The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman 3. How It Happened Arthur Conan Doyle 4. There Will Come Soft Rains Ray Bradbury 5. Meteor John Wyndham 6. The Lemon Orchard Alex la Guma 7. Secrets Bernard MacLaverty 8. The Taste of Watermelon Borden Deal 9. The Third and Final Continent Jhumpa Lahiri 10. On Her Knees Tim Winton 1 These notes are intended to give some backgroundRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesAnderson, Laurie Twisted YA Anderson, M.T The astonishing life of Octavian nothing YA Atwood, Margaret The handmaid’s tale AF Auel, Jean Clan of the cave bear AF Baranay, Inez Pagan SF Barrie, J.M. Peter Pan JF Binchy, Maeve Circle of friends AF Boyne, John, The boy in the striped pyjamas AF YA Braithwaite, E.R. To sir with love SF YA Brashares, Ann Sisterhood of the travelling pants YA Brooks, Geraldine March AF http://www.geraldinebrooks.com/march.html Burgess, Anthony A clockwork orange AF Carroll

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among Essay the Flight and Cabin Crew The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among Essay the Flight and Cabin Crew TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Purpose/Audience 5 Sources 5 Limitaions 5 Scope 5 COLLECTED DATA 5 Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5 Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6 Duties of the Crew Members 7 Expectations of the Crew 7 The Crew is a Team 8 Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8 Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9 Trusting the Crews Judgment 9 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9 Outline of CRM Training 10 LOFT Training 10 Organizing Resources and Priorities 11 CONCLUSION 11 Summary of Findings 11 Interpretation of Findings 11 REFERENCES 13 ABSTRACT The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likely therell be an accident. INTORDUCTION Background The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error cant be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced. Purpose/Audience This report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program. Sources Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Scope Teamwork and communication are a critical factor in the crews operation of aircraft. Accidents can be prevented when these two factors are considered. COLLECTED DATA Importance of Communication amoung the Crew People communicate to each other every day. From a kids talking to their parents about their report card, to doctors working in an operating room. In order for us to understand one another we must be clear in what we say. For instance, if a doctor tells a nurse to pull a certain plug on a machine, hed better be clear on what he says or the nurse might end up harming a patient. Likewise, the cabin and flight crew must work together. In a typical cockpit the flight crew is very busy, and they need to be well organized to handle the many tasks they perform. They need to communicate properly and clearly for safe operations, if they dont their actions could result in a tragedy. Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents Mechanical problems and technical malfunctions do contribute to aircraft accidents, but human error is the main cause, accounting for 65% of the accidents (FAA News, 1996). See the pie chart in figure 1. This figure is quit high, and if it were possible to reduce human error the accident rate would drop significantly. Accidents that occur because of human error are not a direct result of just one error but of a chain of errors. The human error chain results when one bad decision leads to another which leads to the accident. The question is, how can we reduce human error in the cockpit? Studies have shown that most incidents could have been prevented if communication and leadership skills were improved. .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .postImageUrl , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:hover , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:visited , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:active { border:0!important; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:active , .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5435c6064c6f4b454d119eae5a6eafe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb Essay ThesisDuties of Crew Members In order to have a clear understanding of whos involved in the crew, these positions with their duties will be discussed. There are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members theres no flight engineer. (this is to reduce costs). The Captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC). He/she has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibility rest on his/her shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain in his/her duties, .

Top Ten Back-to-School Rockin#39 Tunes free essay sample

As we all know, the 2009 school year is starting. Which means tests, pop quizzes, and study hall, but who says school has to be boring when you have some awesome music to listen to. So, heres a list of my top ten back-to-school rockin tunes. 1. Spotlight (Twilight Remix) by Mutemath. It has a great up-tempo that makes you wanna get up and dance. Definitely put this on this years prom playlist!!!! It makes you feel totally good inside, and you never want it to end. You can find this on the Twilight soundtrack. 2. Falling Down by Selena Gomez and the Scene. This is another great song that you can totally rock out to. Its pop/hip hop sound with an underlying rock tone definitely makes this song the dance jam that it is. It has extremely creative lyrics, and youll be playing it over and over again. We will write a custom essay sample on Top Ten Back-to-School Rockin#39 Tunes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can find this track on the Selena Gomez and the Scenes debut album. Dont forget to check out the music video for Falling Down. 3. Here We go Again by Demi Lovato. Another great hit by this teen idol. Its a song that youll definitely want to rock out to!!! Its a heart grabbing song that has a wonderful beat and great lyrics. Dont forget to check out this track on Demis new album Here We go Again, and dont forget to check out the amazing music video for this amazing song. 4. Where are You Now by Honor Society. This is a great song that has a very heart-grabbing feel to it. Its also perfect for the back-to-school rockin play list since the songs main subject is about remembering all of the great times that you had in high school. Wonderful guitars on this song; its very guitar driven. You can find this song on the Band Slam soundtrack and on Honor Societys debut album Fashionably Late. Be sure to check out the great music video for this great song. 5. Workin for the Weekend by Love rboy. A great oldie that wil have you and your parents rockin out!! This has a great good-feel tune to it, and itll be one of your ultimate favorites for sure. This is a great song that will definitely make you forget all about that five page history report thats due on Monday. 6. If Today was Your Last Day by Nickelback. A great song that has a really great message behind it. Its about doing everything that you want to do in this lifetime and to help people while youre doing those things. It has great lyrics that really express the songs message with a great beat backing it. 7. Footloose by Kenny Loggins. Not only is this the theme song for one of the most memorable and critically acclaimed movies of the 1980s, but it was also a hit all in itself. A great, fun up-beat song. Itll have you dancing from beginning to end. Another great song for your prom playlist. 8. Cross the Line by Superchick. This is a song that you can really rock out to. A wonderful up-beat tempo with a great roc k feel to it. Includes great lyrics that share a wonderful message. You can check out this and many more rockin tunes from Superchick on their new album Rock what You Got. 9. Heart of Rock n Roll by Huey Lewis and the News. The fusion of sixtys and eightys sounds really made it a huge hit for Huey Lewis and the News in the 1980s. its a fun, up-beat song that takes you from the trend-setting scene of L.A. to the cool rocker world of New York City. The trumpets and guitars really give it a really nice flair. itll be one of your favorites for sure. 10. Keep it Real by the Jonas Brothers. This is a great up-tempo song, and youll never want it to end!!! It has a lot of fun, interesting flavor to it, and the trumpets really make the song the smash hit that it is. It has wonderful lyrics that really bring out the message of just being yourself no matter how famous you are. This is a perfect track to rock out to. So, there you have it. Your top ten back-to-school rockin tunes. From rockin n ew hits to classic oldies, theres a tune for anybody and everybody to listen to on this list. I hope you enjoy these and many more tunes this school year, and congratulations to this years graduating class of 2010!!!!!! Enjoy!!!

Daoism and Confucianism

Daoism and Confucianism Introduction The Daoism and Confucianism have some similarities and differences. The research paper will be comparing and contrasting both through what they share and what they differ. Various aspects like their origins, their theories, dynasties and major focus will be discussed. The paper starts with differences:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Daoism and Confucianism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The history of origin Confucianism is a philosophy that was introduced by a Chinese philosopher by name Confucius. This philosophy mainly based its arguments on the idea that logic and reason can create a solution to all challenges facing human beings (Yao 189). The Confucius opposed the excessive application of human emotions and superstition. According to the teachings of Confucianism, the use of early Chinese traditions is the best and most appropriate way of having an organized community. This philosophy a lso valued the traditional rituals and music as they maintain the harmony in the society. However, Lao Tzu initiated Daoism and its ideas are based on human beings living a balanced life according to the nature (Tang 76). According to Lau Tzu, he conceived the natural world as a teacher through whom human beings can obtain wisdom if only they observed and shaped their lives depending on the nature. He had a main goal of avoiding conflict and human beings to move according to the flow of things. Human cooperation and connection of nature The Confucianism is mainly known to encourage the cooperation among the human beings. It discourages the individualism as it teaches on the benefits of staying together as one community. The teachings of Daoism encourages on how one can survive well if only he or she associates well with the laws of nature. Even without the assistance of the fellow human beings, Daoism insists that anyone can survive in the society. Despite the fact that Confucianism encourages loyalty of leaders and superiors, it also gives people some rights to fight and oppose those rulers who are corrupt and treating other people unfairly (Renard 113). On the other hand, Daoism does not teach people on such aggression, as it calls for peace, humility and inaction. Dynasties believe in both Daoism and Confucianism The people in china have different believes as far as Confucianism and Daoism are concerned. A group believes in Confucianism while others believe in Daoism. This is facilitated by the fact that both have some truth and reasonable ideas that attract individuals. For instance, for those who follow Daoism, they believe that the most important aspect of a rational human world is not that matters a lot than the cosmic world of nature (Little 108). However, the followers of Confucianism value much the occurrences and events that affect people in their normal lives. Confucianism has a perception of human beings to enjoy their lives in the world to maximu m.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teachings of Confucianism are human oriented because it valued the pleasures of life like giving birth, feeding on good diet, and enjoying life with relatives and friends. In order for people to enjoy their lives fully, the Confucianism insists on social responsibility and working hard for them to be prosperous and joyful. When considering the thoughts of Daoism, naturalness and spontaneity are the most emphasized aspects of human beings (Renard 207). The teachings of Daoism does not give room for teleology no matter the circumstances, it is non-mechanistic such bringing the idea of the world as an immoral one. Similarities in ideas Although they differed in their ideas, there were still some theories that the two philosophers shared. It was a common idea to both of them that it was ones responsibility to care for his or her personal life, to facilitate individual development, and to improve oneself in economically and socially. On matters of improvement and development, the Confucianism says that the efforts that one puts in doing so are rewarded in the rest of ones life on this earth (Renard 221). According to Daoism, a person has to work for improvement and development here in the universe but the rewards may be realized in the next life and not necessarily here on earth. For both the Daoism and Confucianism have assisted in promoting the satisfaction of personal desires a moral way that has guided the Chinese people and other interested followers to attain their personal goals and objectives in life. Conclusion In conclusion, the both philosophers have managed to compliment one another as both have set an example that can be followed by the Chinese people. Most of people followed them in pursuit of achieving development and growth. Most of people preferred the teachings of Confucianism becaus e it concentrated much on the current and present happenings in the society (Yao 195). Unlike the Daoism that insisted on what would happen in the future, where one is not so sure of being present. When people are doing their normal things in life, they prefer to be assured of what they will benefit from here on earth but not about the life after death. The Confucianism also encourages its followers to be ken on what their leaders are serving them. Incase of any incidence of abuse of power and authority, people should not remain inactive and watch things happen; instead they should act against such leaders. This would lead to improvement of individuals and the society as a whole. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Daoism and Confucianism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The picture of Confucius, who introduced the Confucianism (www.logoi.com) The picture of Lao Tzu, who introduced the Daoism (www.taopage.org ) Little, Reg. A confucian-Daoist Millenium. Michigan: Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd, 2006. Renard, John. One hundred one questions and answers on confucianism, Daoism, and  Shinto. New York: Paulist Press, 2002. Tang, Yijie. Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, and Chinese Culture.  Beijing: CRVP, 2006. Yao, Xinzhong. An introduction too Confucianism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time Essay

Effectiveness of motivational activities at tesco express in part time staff context - Essay Example f the employees, businesses realized that motivated employees were likely to present a higher level of performance and commitment (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 49). In the recent past, experts in the field of human resource have been developing theories that govern the maximization of using the human resources. Many strategies have been defined that target to optimize the performance levels of the employees. One of these strategies is offering motivational activities to the employees in a bid to maximize their performance. Tesco is one of the outstanding retail businesses in the globe with branches in different countries and regions. For all the Tesco’s stores to run effectively, the company needs a remarkable number of employees to offer their services (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 60). Tesco has exhibited the interest over the years of ensuring that the use of the human resources is maximized. Therefore, it has defined certain motivational activities with the potential of motivating the employees. It is critical to carry out a survey that seeks to identify the motivational activities used by Tesco and assess their efficiency levels. Notably, Tesco has both permanent and part time staff. Both permanent and part time staff requires the company to develop different motivational strategies for each group. The current study will seek to analyze some of the motivational activities that Tesco provides to its part time staff and their efficiency in increasing employee satisfaction. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. Questionnaires were administered to the selected number of participants from the Tesco expresses in central London area (Miles, Huberman, & SaldanÃŒÆ'a 2014, p.106). The participants were required to fill in the questionnaires while revealing their views on the efficiency of the available motivational activities. Data analysis would follow relying on both mean and standard deviation. Calculation of the satisfaction levels of the employees

Interview with an HR Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview with an HR Manager - Essay Example What qualities do you look forward to in employees when you hire them? 18. How should companies design the employee training programs to achieve maximum effect? What I learned about that job HR Manager assumes a cardinal position in the HR Department of any organization. HR Manager plays an important role in building the team and maintaining peace and harmony among individual members by addressing their individualistic and collective concerns and resolving their issues. The HR Manager fundamentally serves as a bridge between the higher managers and first line managers. After conducting the interview, I learned about the following responsibilities of an HR Manager: The HR Manager, 1. Develops and maintains HR strategies and policies, and takes measures to achieve full compliance with them by all personnel. 2. Builds HR team, and makes sure that the organization avails the services of an effective HR service. 3. Manages staff members, guides them in all matters, addresses their concern s and resolves their issues. 4. Ensures that the organization is always equipped with a well trained and skilled stream of qualified workers, and recruits more employees from time to time as necessary. 5. Studies the present and upcoming business requirements and takes appropriate measures in time to sustain the flow and speed of work. 6. Develops, improves and standardizes selection criteria and recruitment strategies to ensure the provision of talented staff at all times in the organization. 7. Develops and implements employee training and competence improvement programs in accordance with the growing needs of the business. 8. Maintains salary information and aligns salary with the individualistic performance of employees. It is the HR Manager’s responsibility to suggest increments... Interview with an HR Manager Very few people are aware of the exact responsibilities of an HR Manager. Since he/she is a Manager, people tend to hold him/her responsible for almost all of the duties related to HR Department, many of which are actually not the responsibilities of the HR Manager. Therefore, in an attempt to clearly identify the exact responsibilities of an HR Manager and to define the boundaries of an HR Manager’s scope of responsibilities, I chose to interview the HR Manager. The interview cleared a lot of my doubts and I got an opportunity to learn the exact responsibilities of an HR Manager. Now, I am able to distinguish between the responsibilities of an HR Manager, HR Director and various other HR professionals. HR Manager assumes a cardinal position in the HR Department of any organization. HR Manager plays an important role in building the team and maintaining peace and harmony among individual members by addressing their individualistic and collective concerns and resolving their issues. The HR Manager fundamentally serves as a bridge between the higher managers and first line managers. This one hour interview with the HR Manager Bredford Brown was highly informative. I came to know that an HR Manager plays a central role in maintaining and improving the work conditions and in aligning the work with the macro and micro environmental requirements in which the business is conducted. Organization excels because of the hard work of employees, and it is the HR Manager who hires them and keeps them for work. Therefore, the credit for organizational success fundamentally goes to HR Manager.

Public transport Essay Example for Free

Public transport Essay Public transport can be described as a shared service of passenger transportation readily available for public use. Modes of public transport in many modern cities include trains and trams, buses, trolley buses, ferries and rapid transit. Public transport is necessary to economic and social development, with easy movement of people, goods and services. Increased number of motor vehicles in the modern cities carries both economic and social costs evidenced by increased air pollution. Air of poor quality can serious affect the health of the public and can result to premature deaths. Public transport is said to be the key of reducing air pollution in the urban cities in the following ways: reduced emission of carbon monoxide, reduced emission of nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emission, reduced emission of the volatile organic compounds and minimized fossil fuel consumption. Studies have shown that private vehicles, which are mainly petrol-powered, emit carbon monoxide, lead, benzene and lead which are detrimental to the air in our cities (European Environment Agency 2010). Still, due to the large number of this private vehicles, they are bound to emit this pollutants in high amounts compared to public transport. It is clear that, in order to reduce the air pollution and especially the concentration of carbon monoxide in our cities, there is need for people to rely much on public transport rather than the private vehicles. Nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emitted on the environment. Study conducted by the American enterprise institute and Brookings institution in 2002 showed out that the quantity of nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emitted by the private vehicles was about double the amount emitted by the public transport for every mile traveled by a passenger (European Environment Agency 2010). Use of public transport can reduce carbon footprint of an individual. Another study in the year 2005 showed that the use of public means rather than the private means could have reduced the carbon dioxide emission in the United States by 3. 9 million of metric tones. So it is much possible that, reducing air pollution in our cities can be achieved by depending more on the public transport. On other organic volatile compounds, the same study showed that the private vehicles could emit 92 percent more organic volatile compounds than the public vehicles as compared to mile traveled by each passenger. Efforts of reducing air pollution in our cities should focus on how to minimize usage of private vehicles in transport and also encourage use of the public means in transport. The same studies by the same two institutes showed out that in United States, public transport only used half of the fuel which was required to fuel the private vehicles. The more fossil fuel is used, the more emission of pollutant air is likely to emit in the environment, so in order to reduce the air pollution in our cities, there is need to encourage use of public transport. Public transport is very vital in our cities especially in achieving the global war on reducing air pollution which can result to global warming. Efforts need to be put in place to ensure that people use much the public means in most of their traveling because it will reduce air pollution in our cities as well as reducing the urban congestion of vehicles and also reduce the overdependence of energy imports. Bibliography European Environment Agency, 2010, Sources of Air pollution, Viewed July 27, 2010 http://www. eea. europa. eu/publications/2599XXX/page010. html

thelma and louise Essay -- essays research papers

The movie Thelma and Louise attempts to make a difference in the way that people think. It sets out to challenge a number of conventional attitudes toward women. Although it achieves some success in this area for women, it does not do a great deal to rebuff society’s stereotypical images of men. For the most part, men are portrayed in a negative light and in this paper, I will explore where these negative images appear within the movie. Thelma's husband, Darryl is portrayed as a dirt-bag. He is intolerant, selfish, egotistic and domineering. In the beginning of the movie Thelma is shown leaving a meal in the microwave for her husband as she sets off with her friend Louise for a weekend holiday. This is the first of numerous occasions in which the movie seizes the opportunity to perpetuate negative images of men. This first image reinforces the view that men are incompetent at looking after themselves and if left alone, they would be unable to feed themselves. Darryl’s negative image continues throughout the movie, he never realizes that his treatment of his wife contributes to her unhappiness and her subsequent rejection of him even though Thelma has talked to him about this. Darryl is shown as a distant and unfeeling creature that would rather watch his football game and laze around drinking beer than know the whereabouts of his mysteriously missing wife. He is the embodiment of the lazy, beer-guzzling slob of a husband of editorials and comic strips. Another example of his...

Tax Evasion & the Black Economy

TAX EVASION It is the general term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability and includes in particular dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income, profits or gains than actually earned or overstating deductions.Tax evasion is an activity commonly associated with the informal economy and one measure of the extent of tax evasion is the amount of unreported income, namely the difference between the amount of income that should legally be reported to the tax authorities and the actual amount reported, which is also sometimes referred to as the tax gap. Tax avoidance, on the other hand, is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one's own advantage to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.Both tax evasion and avoidan ce can be viewed as forms of tax noncompliance, as they describe a range of activities that are unfavorable to a state's tax system, though such characterization of tax avoidance is suspect, given that avoidance operates lawfully, within self-creating systems Smuggling Smuggling is importation or exportation of foreign products by unauthorized means. Smuggling is resorted to for total evasion of customs duties, as well as for the importation of contraband items.A smuggler does not have to pay any customs duty since the products are not routed through an authorized customs port, and therefore are not subjected to declaration and payment of duties and taxes. Ten countries with the largest absolute levels of tax evasion per year. It is estimated that global tax evasion amounts to 5 percent of the global economy. During the latter half of the twentieth century, value added tax (VAT) has emerged as a modern form of consumption tax through the world, with the notable exception of the Unit ed States.Producers who collect VAT from the consumers may evade tax by under-reporting the amount of sales. The US has no broad-based consumption tax at the federal level, and no state currently collects VAT; the overwhelming majority of states instead collect sales taxes. Canada uses both a VAT at the federal level (the Goods and Services Tax) and sales taxes at the provincial level; some provinces have a single tax combining both forms. In addition, most jurisdictions which levy a VAT or sales tax also legally require their residents to report and pay the tax on items purchased in another jurisdiction.This means that those consumers who purchase something in a lower-taxed or untaxed jurisdiction with the intention of avoiding VAT or sales tax in their home jurisdiction are in fact breaking the law in most cases. Such evasion is, especially, prevalent in federal states like the Nigeria, US and Canada where sub-national jurisdictions have the constitutional power to charge varying rates of VAT or sales tax. In Nigeria for example, some local states enforce VAT on each goods sold by trader. The price must be clearly stated and the VAT distinct from the price of the good purchased.Any act by the trader contrary to this (like including VAT in the price of the goods) is punishable as attempting to syphoning the VAT. Borders between tax districts in the same nation usually lack the resources to enforce tax collection on goods carried in private vehicles from one district to another, so states only pursue sales and use tax collection on high-value items such as cars. Government response The level of evasion depends on a number of factors, one of them being fiscal equation.People's tendency to evade income tax declines when the return for due payment of taxes is not obvious. Evasion also depends on the efficiency of the tax administration. Corruption by the tax officials often render control of evasion difficult. Tax administrations resort to various means for plugg ing in scope of evasion and increasing the level of enforcement. Corruption by tax officials Corrupt tax officials cooperate with the tax payers who intend to evade taxes. When they detect an instance of evasion, they refrain from reporting in return for illegal gratification or bribe.Corruption by tax officials is a serious problem for the tax administration in a huge number of underdeveloped and southern European countries. Level of evasion and punishment Tax evasion is a crime in almost all developed countries and subjects the guilty party to fines and/or imprisonment. In Switzerland, many acts that would amount to criminal tax evasion in other countries are treated as civil matters. Dishonestly misreporting income in a tax return is not necessarily considered a crime. Such matters are handled in the Swiss tax courts, not the criminal courts. In Switzerland, however, some tax misconduct is criminal, for example, deliberate falsification of records. Moreover, civil tax transgressi ons may give rise to penalties. It is often considered that extent of evasion depends on the severity of punishment for evasion. Normally, the higher the evaded amount, the higher the degree of punishment. BLACK ECONOMY / BLACK MARKET Is the economy in which illegal goods are traded. Due to the nature of the goods traded, the economy itself is forced to operate outside the formal economy, supported by the established state power.Typically the totality of such activity is referred to with the definite article as a complement to the official economies, by market for such goods and services, e. g. â€Å"the black market in bush meat†. The black market is distinct from the grey market, in which commodities are distributed through channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer, and the white market, the legal market for goods and services. Worldwide, the underground economy is estimated to have provided 1. 8 billion jobs. Back groundThe literature on the black market has avoided a common usage and has instead offered a plethora of appellations including: subterranean; hidden; grey; shadow; informal; clandestine; illegal; unobserved; unreported; unrecorded; second; parallel and black. This profusion of vague labels attests to the confusion of a literature attempting to explore a largely uncharted area of economic activity. There is no single black economy; there are many. These black economies are omnipresent, existing in market oriented as well as in centrally planned nations, be they developed or developing.Those engaged in underground activities circumvent, escape or are excluded from the institutional system of rules, rights, regulations and enforcement penalties that govern formal agents engaged in production and exchange. Different types of underground activities are distinguished according to the particular institutional rules that they violate. Five specific underground economies can be identified: 1. Illegal Economy 2. Unreported Economy 3. Unrecorded Economy 4. Informal Economy 5. Criminal Acts 1. ILLEGAL ECONOMYThe â€Å"illegal economy† consists of the income produced by those economic activities pursued in violation of legal statutes defining the scope of legitimate forms of commerce. Illegal economy participants engage in the production and distribution of prohibited goods and services, such as drug trafficking, arms trafficking, and prostitution. 2. UNREPORTED ECONOMY The â€Å"unreported economy† consists of those economic activities that circumvent or evade the institutionally established fiscal rules as codified in the tax code.A summary measure of the unreported economy is the amount of income that should be reported to the tax authority but is not so reported. A complementary measure of the unreported economy is the â€Å"tax gap†, namely the difference between the amount of tax revenues due the fiscal authority and the amount of tax revenue a ctually collected. 3. UNRECORDED ECONOMY The â€Å"unrecorded economy† consists of those economic activities that circumvent the institutional rules that define the reporting requirements of government statistical agencies.A summary measure of the unrecorded economy is the amount of unrecorded income, namely the amount of income that should (under existing rules and conventions) be recorded in national accounting systems (e. g. National Income and Product Accounts) but is not. Unrecorded income is a particular problem in transition countries that switched from a socialist accounting system to UN standard national accounting. New methods have been proposed for estimating the size of the unrecorded (non-observed) economy. But there is still little consensus concerning the size of the unreported economies of transition countries. 4.INFORMAL ECONOMY The â€Å"informal economy† comprises those economic activities that circumvent the costs and are excluded from the benefits and rights incorporated in the laws and administrative rules covering property relationships, commercial licensing, labor contracts, torts, financial credit and social security systems. A summary measure of the informal economy is the income generated by economic agents that operate informally. The informal sector is defined as the part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or included in any gross national product (GNP), unlike the formal economy.In developed countries the informal sector is characterized by unreported employment. This is hidden from the state for tax, social security or labor law purposes but is legal in all other aspects. On the other hand, the term black market can be used in reference to a specific part of the economy in which contraband is traded. Pricing Goods acquired illegally take one of two price levels: They may be cheaper than legal market prices. The supplier does not have to pay for production costs or taxes. This is us ually the case in the black economy.Criminals steal goods and sell them below the legal market price, but there is no receipt, guarantee, and so forth. They may be more expensive than legal market prices. The product is difficult to acquire or produce, dangerous to handle or not easily available legally, if at all. If goods are illegal, such as some drugs, their prices can be vastly inflated over the costs of production. Black market can form part of border trade near the borders of neighboring jurisdictions with little or no border control if there are substantially different tax rates, or where goods are legal on one side of the border but not on the other.Products that are commonly smuggled like this include alcohol and tobacco. However, not all border trade is illegal. Prostitution Prostitution is illegal or highly regulated in most countries across the world. These places form a classic study of the black economy, because of consistent high demand from customers, relatively hig h pay, but labor intensive and low skilled work, which attracts a continual supply of workers. While prostitution exists in every country, studies show that it tends to flourish more in poorer countries, and in areas with large numbers of unattached men, such as around military bases.Prostitutes in the black market generally operate with some degree of secrecy, sometimes negotiating prices and activities through codewords and subtle gestures. In countries such as the Netherlands, where prostitution is legal but regulated, illegal prostitutes exist whose services are offered cheaper without regard for the legal requirements or procedures— health checks, standards of accommodation, and so on. In other countries such as Nicaragua where legal prostitution is regulated, hotels may require both parties to identify themselves, to prevent the rise of child prostitution. WeaponsFire Arms trafficking The legislatures of many countries forbid or restrict the personal ownership of weapon s. These restrictions can range from small knives to firearms, either altogether or by classification (e. g. caliber, automation, etc. ), and explosives. The black market supplies the demands for weaponry that cannot be obtained legally, or may only be obtained legally after obtaining permits and paying fees. This may be by smuggling the arms from countries where they were bought legally or stolen, or by stealing from arms manufacturers within the country itself, using insiders.In cases where the underground economy is unable to smuggle firearms, they can also satisfy requests by gunsmithing their own firearms. Those who may buy this way include criminals to use for illegal activities, gun collectors, and otherwise law abiding citizens interested in protecting their dwellings, families or businesses. Illegally logged timber Illegally logged timber is a huge problem. According to interpol, the illegal logging industry is worth almost as much as drug production industry, in some count ries. Animals and animal productsIvory trade / Wildlife trade In many developing countries, living animals are captured in the wild and sold as pets. Wild animals are also hunted and killed for their meat, hide, organs, †¦ Organs and other animal parts are sold for use in traditional medicine. Alcohol / Tobacco It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes from a low-tax US state to a high-tax state can lead to a profit of up to $2 million. The low-tax states are generally the major tobacco producers, and have come under enormous criticism for their reluctance to increase taxes.Biological Organs Trade Organ trade is the trade involving inner organs (heart, liver, kidneys, etc. ) of a human for transplantation. There is a worldwide shortage of organs available for transplantation, yet trade in human organs is illegal in all countries except Iran. The problem of organ trafficking is widespread, although data on the exact scale of the organ market is difficult to obtain. Whether or not to legalize the organ trade, and the appropriate way to combat illegal trafficking, is a subject of much debate. Software piracyStreet vendors in countries where there is scant enforcement of copyright law, particularly in Asia and Latin America, often sell deeply discounted copies of films, music CDs, and computer software such as video games, sometimes even before the official release of the title. A determined counterfeiter with a few hundred dollars can make copies that are digitally identical to an original and suffer no loss in quality; innovations in consumer DVD and CD writers and the widespread availability of cracks on the Internet for most forms of copy protection technology make this cheap and easy to do.

Analysis of The Fall of the House of Usher - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1044 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: The Fall of The House of Usher Essay Did you like this example? In the short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, written by the poet Edgar Allen Poe during the romantic period, it sheds light into a time where there was much darkness, mental illness, and an overall negative phycological outlook and misunderstanding to certain societal and personal identifications. Poe is a known poet of revealing the inner evils and the dark and gloomy settings within his writings. He is a known writer of the personal fears and fictional mysteries that displayed a semi-accurate truth that was historically known as the gothic writing style during the romantic period. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of The Fall of the House of Usher" essay for you Create order This gothic style of writing that Poe is known for is precisely presented in, The Fall of the House of Usher, within Poes extensive use of a darkened setting, the use of underlying physical and mental illnesses, surreal imagery, and symbolism that both represented the gothic writing style and the historical context of the mid-nineteenth century. The short story written by Edgar Allen Poe begins with a descriptive yet negative setting that promotes the gothic literature style presented by the author. During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. (Poe 629) This descriptive beginning to the story portrays to the reader the gothic style of writing that Poe is known for. When looking at what makes literature apart of the gothic style we can review the comments made by Andrew Smith when he describes the characteristics of gothic literature for the romantic period when stating that gothic styles contain representations of ruins [or] castles and that it contains, forms of monstrosity, and images of insanity, transgression, and the supernatural. When looking at the short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, and what Smith identified as elements of a gothic writing, the readers can identify the correlation to the gothic literature based on the imagery used to describe the setting. The audience can use the imagery and diction used by Poe to solidify this statement with the use of words such as, Decaying, excessive antiquity, and even the description of the grey walls that darken the setting furthermore and help present the themes of gothic li terature. Using what Smith presented as characteristics of gothic literature the audience can create a connection of the gothic literature genre to the short story written by Poe, but we can also use contextual evidence in the story to get an idea of the theme and period and how it was presented in, The Fall of the House of Usher. A major theme of the short story is incest. Incest is subtlety presented to the reader at first when the author mentions in the short story, Her decease, he said, with a bitterness which I can never forget, would leave him (him the hopeless and the frail) the last of the ancient race of the Ushers (Poe 633). This is important to the theme and the period because it sheds light upon the reason of the mental illnesses faced by the Ushers. As Poe presented a like comparison between both remaining members of the Usher family when he describes their features, figures, and even the air around them all seemingly alike, even Identical (Poe 633). With this description of the Ushers Poe is giving even more insight on the ancestral lineage of incest and its importance to the overall plot. When understanding the importance of the relation of incest to the plot the understanding of the side effects of incest is a required knowledge. Written in a scientific meta-analysis study there is a statement about incest and how it relates to the Ushers when stated, Biological incest offenders exhibited more psychopathology (e.g., mental health difficulties) (Toates). This is a key factor in the plot and identifications of the Ushers mental illnesses and fears. This reported research of biological incest (which is what is believed to be a part of the Ushers lineage) ties together the themes of the story and gives certain understanding to why the Ushers actions, appearances, and phycological states are presented the way they are in Poes, The Fall of the House of Usher. When looking at symbolism in the short story the audience can identify certain aspects that reference the gothic literature this specific story is a part of, but also the time period in which this work is written in. Symbolism is immediately found in the title of the piece, The Fall of the House of Usher. This in simple terms represents the crumbling of the House at the end of the story, but in a symbolic aspect it could mean the discontinued lineage of the Usher family with the death of Madeline and Roderick Usher. Diving deeper into the ancestral tree, this also means the discontinuation of the incest that was a part of the Usher family; the incest that caused their mental and phycological illnesses. The Ushers house complete demolition also means that the darkness and evils that surrounded the actions practiced by the Usher lineage are no longer. Poe, represented many different symbolic elements within his short story that presented the audience with insight into the gothic litera ture style and the romantic period. Poes, The Fall of the House of Usher, gives the audience insight into the romantic time period and gothic literature style presented by the writer by using the symbolic elements, the descriptive diction with darkened settings, as well as the use of imagery and other analytical elements to portray his darkened story. It also gives us insight into the importance of the author and his effect on modern day gothic literature and society. As Lasley Dameron commented in his online article, Edgar Allen Poe is the souths most renowned literary artist of the 19th century, and recognizing his connection to the gothic elements and his artistic talent to articulately display the plot and theme of a short story while keeping the audience hypnotized within his writing and is one of the most influential gothic writers during the nineteenth century.